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Joseph Simon Gallieni (24 April 1849 – 27 May 1916) was a French soldier, active for most of his career as a military commander and administrator in the French colonies. Gallieni is infamous in Madagascar as the French military leader who exiled Queen Ranavalona III and abolished the 350-year-old monarchy on the island.〔Basset, Charles (1903). Madagascar et l'oeuvre du Général Galliéni (in French). Paris: A. Rousseau.〕 He was recalled from retirement at the outbreak of the First World War. As Military Governor of Paris he played an important role in the First Battle of the Marne, when Maunoury's Sixth Army under his command, a small portion of its strength rushed to the front in commandeered Paris taxicabs, attacked the German west flank. From October 1915 he served as Minister of War, resigning from that post in March 1916 after criticizing the performance of the French Commander-in-Chief, Joseph Joffre (formerly his subordinate, earlier in their careers), during the German attack on Verdun. He was made Marshal of France posthumously in 1921. ==Early life and career== Gallieni was born in 1849 at Saint-Beat, in the department of Haute-Garonne, in the central Pyrenees.〔Clayton 2003, 215-6〕 He was of Corsican〔Herwig 2009, pp136-7〕 and Italian descent.〔Clayton 2003, 215-6〕 His father, born in Pogliano Milanese, had risen from the ranks to be a captain.〔Clayton 2003, 215-6〕 He was educated at the Prytanée Militaire in La Flèche, and then the École Spéciale Militaire de Saint-Cyr, becoming a Second Lieutenant in the 3rd Marine Infantry Regiment before serving in the Franco-Prussian War.〔Clayton 2003, 215-6〕 Gallieni fought at Sedan〔Herwig 2009, p226〕 and was taken prisoner at Bazeilles, scene of the stand of the colonial marines.〔Clayton 2003, 215-6〕 He learned German whilst a prisoner there, and later kept a notebook in German, English and Italian called “Erinnerungen of my life di ragazzo”.〔Tuchman 1962, p339-40〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Joseph Gallieni」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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